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.section-content{min-width:0}
.hero h1,html[lang|=zh] .hero h1{font-size:clamp(56px,7.3vw,112px);letter-spacing:-4px;line-height:1.05;margin-bottom:18px}.hero-companion{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:20px;margin:0 0 35px}.companion-label{font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1px}.companion-term{font-family:Georgia,'Songti SC',serif;font-size:40px;line-height:1.3;font-style:italic}.companion-term [lang=zh]{font-size:29px;font-style:normal;margin-left:9px}
@media(max-width:760px){.hero h1,html[lang|=zh] .hero h1{font-size:clamp(56px,13.5vw,90px);letter-spacing:-3px}.hero-companion{gap:18px;margin-bottom:30px}.companion-term{font-size:34px}}
.hero-copy{align-self:start}
@media(min-width:761px){.hero-copy{padding-top:110px}}
.model-data{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.7fr .9fr 1.8fr;gap:10px;border-top:1px solid #000;padding:12px 5px 0;margin:0;font-size:11px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.model-data dt{font-size:9px;margin-bottom:3px}.model-data dd{margin:0}.model-note{font-size:11px;line-height:1.65;padding:0 5px;margin:12px 0}.view-range output{min-width:26px;text-align:right;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.model-reference{font-size:11px;line-height:1.75;padding:12px 5px 0}.model-reference summary{cursor:pointer;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}.model-reference p{margin:14px 0}.model-reference a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.model-reference blockquote{margin:12px 0;font-family:Georgia,'Songti SC',serif;font-size:16px;line-height:1.7}.model-reference .reference-title{border-top:1px solid #000;padding-top:16px;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:1px}.model-table-wrap{overflow-x:auto}.model-reference table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:10px;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.model-reference caption{text-align:left;margin-bottom:8px;font-size:10px}.model-reference th,.model-reference td{border-top:1px solid #000;padding:7px 6px 7px 0;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-weight:400}.model-reference tr[aria-current=true] th{font-weight:700}.model-reference thead th{font-size:9px}.threshold-figure figcaption{max-width:none}
@media(max-width:760px){.contact-title{font-size:clamp(46px,15vw,62px)}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*{transition:none!important}}
@media print{.site-header nav,.language,.drawing-controls,.view-range,.copy-status,#copy-citation{display:none}.wrap{width:100%}.section{break-inside:avoid;padding:30px 0}.hero-grid{min-height:0}.hero h1{font-size:60px}body{font-size:12px}a[href^=http]::after{content:' (' attr(href) ')';font:9px Arial;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.hero-bottom{display:none}}

/* Public work archive and curriculum vitae */
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@media(max-width:1100px){.work-entry{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:22px}.work-image{max-width:800px}.cv-group{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}.cv-group h4{font-size:14px}}
@media(max-width:760px){.period-heading{margin-top:42px}.period-title{font-size:29px}.period-nav{gap:22px;font-size:11px}.work-entry{padding:25px 0 30px}.work-copy h5{font-size:27px}.work-description{font-size:13px}.cv-list>div{grid-template-columns:84px 1fr;gap:15px}.cv-list strong{font-size:14px}.cv-list dd{font-size:12px}.portfolio-download .text-link{font-size:12px;gap:20px}}

.model-term{font:400 18px/1.4 Georgia,"Songti SC",serif;margin:18px 0 8px;padding:0 5px}.model-description .model-note{font-size:12px;line-height:1.8;margin:0 0 16px}.cv-intro{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 190px;gap:44px;align-items:start;margin-bottom:36px}.cv-intro .section-intro{margin-bottom:0}.cv-portrait{margin:0}.cv-portrait img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}.contact-links{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:14px;align-items:stretch;flex-shrink:0}.contact-links .text-link{width:100%}
@media(max-width:760px){.cv-intro{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:25px;margin-bottom:30px}.cv-portrait{width:190px;max-width:62%}.contact-links{max-width:345px}.model-term{font-size:18px}}

.work-visual,.diagram-figure{margin:0}.image-credit{display:block;margin:8px 0 0;font:400 9px/1.5 Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;color:#000;text-align:right}.diagram-figure .image-credit{font-size:8px;text-align:left}.threshold-figure .model-credit{padding:0 5px;margin-top:8px}

html[lang|=zh] body{font-family:"PingFang TC","Noto Sans TC",sans-serif}html[lang|=zh] .hero h1,html[lang|=zh] .section-title,html[lang|=zh] .contact-title,html[lang|=zh] .research-name,html[lang|=zh] .period-title,html[lang|=zh] .work-copy h5,html[lang|=zh] .model-term,html[lang|=zh] .wordmark,html[lang|=zh] .footer-name{font-family:"Songti TC","Noto Serif TC",serif;font-style:normal}html[lang|=zh] .hero-description{line-height:1.95}html[lang|=zh] .model-note{line-height:1.95}

.ui-arrow{display:inline-block;width:1em;height:1em;vertical-align:-.12em;flex-shrink:0;overflow:visible;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:1.25;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}

.site-identity{min-width:0;flex-shrink:0}.site-byline{font:12px/1.5 Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;letter-spacing:.15px;color:#000;margin:7px 0 0}.byline-separator{margin:0 .2em}
@media(max-width:760px){.site-identity{order:0;flex:1;min-width:0;padding-right:12px}.site-identity .wordmark{width:fit-content}.site-byline{font-size:11px;margin-top:6px;line-height:1.65}.byline-subject{display:block}.byline-separator{display:none}.site-header .language{align-self:flex-start;margin-top:4px}}

@media(max-width:760px){.drawing-controls .view-button{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:11px 6px}.drawing-controls .view-button+.view-button{padding-left:8px}.drawing-controls .small-number{margin-right:0}.drawing-controls .view-button[aria-pressed=true]::after{float:none;flex-shrink:0;margin:0 0 0 auto}}

#research-title{font-size:clamp(30px,3.1vw,48px);line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-1px}html[lang|=zh] #research-title{font-size:clamp(30px,3.1vw,46px);line-height:1.45;letter-spacing:-.5px}

.threshold-figure{min-width:0}.model-table-wrap table{min-width:560px}

.model-table-wrap:focus-visible{outline:1px solid #000;outline-offset:4px}

/* Three explicit language links; the current edition is underlined. */
.language{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;white-space:nowrap;flex-shrink:0}
.language a{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;font-size:12px}
.language a[aria-current=page]{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:5px;text-decoration-thickness:1px}
.site-header{gap:26px}
html[lang=zh-Hans] body{font-family:"PingFang SC","Microsoft YaHei","Noto Sans SC",sans-serif}
html[lang=zh-Hans] .hero h1,html[lang=zh-Hans] .section-title,html[lang=zh-Hans] .contact-title,html[lang=zh-Hans] .research-name,html[lang=zh-Hans] .period-title,html[lang=zh-Hans] .work-copy h5,html[lang=zh-Hans] .model-term,html[lang=zh-Hans] .wordmark,html[lang=zh-Hans] .footer-name{font-family:"Songti SC","SimSun","Noto Serif SC",serif}
@media(min-width:761px) and (max-width:980px){.site-header{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;padding:22px 0 16px}.site-identity{flex:1}.site-header .main-nav{order:2;width:100%;justify-content:space-between;margin:20px 0 0}.language{margin-left:auto}.hero-grid{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,.95fr) minmax(0,1.15fr)}}
@media(max-width:760px){.site-header{gap:0}.language{gap:9px;padding-left:11px}.language a{font-size:11px}.site-identity .wordmark{font-size:clamp(23px,6.7vw,28px)}.site-byline{font-size:clamp(9px,2.6vw,11px)}.site-byline>span:first-child{white-space:nowrap}}
@media print{.language{display:none}}

/* The favicon's portal symbol shares the wordmark's baseline and ink colour. */
.wordmark{gap:13px}
.brand-symbol{display:block;width:32px;height:32px;flex-shrink:0;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:3;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter}
@media(max-width:760px){.site-identity .wordmark{gap:9px}.brand-symbol{width:24px;height:24px}}

/* A compact footer with readable, expandable rights information. */
.site-footer{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) auto;gap:14px 32px;align-items:start;padding-top:26px;font-size:12px}.footer-credit,.footer-tagline{margin:0}.footer-tagline{margin-top:7px;font-size:10px}.footer-affiliation{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-end;gap:5px;text-align:right}.footer-affiliation>span:first-child{font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.04em}.footer-affiliation>span:last-child{font-size:10px}.footer-copyright{min-width:0}.footer-copyright summary{display:flex;align-items:center;width:fit-content;min-height:44px;gap:18px;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;font-size:11px}.footer-copyright summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.footer-copyright summary .plus{margin-left:0;flex-shrink:0}.copyright-body{max-width:730px;padding:8px 0 10px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.85}.copyright-body p{margin:0 0 14px}.copyright-body .inline-link{font-size:12px}.footer-top{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;gap:12px;min-height:44px;font-size:11px}.site-footer:has(.footer-copyright[open]) .footer-copyright{grid-column:1/-1;grid-row:2}.site-footer:has(.footer-copyright[open]) .footer-top{grid-column:2;grid-row:3}
@media(max-width:600px){.site-footer{column-gap:16px;row-gap:10px}.footer-identity{grid-column:1/-1}.footer-affiliation{grid-column:1/-1;justify-self:end;align-items:flex-end;text-align:right;margin:3px 0 4px}.copyright-body{font-size:13px}.site-footer:has(.footer-copyright[open]) .footer-copyright{grid-row:3}.site-footer:has(.footer-copyright[open]) .footer-top{grid-row:4}}

.footer-affiliation .kuleuven-logo{display:block;width:112px;height:auto;margin-bottom:4px}

/* Source-backed garden comparison, with the original plan kept at its aspect ratio. */
.garden-study{margin-top:64px;padding-top:32px;border-top:1px solid #000;scroll-margin-top:24px}
.garden-study h2{font-family:var(--serif,Georgia,serif);font-size:clamp(25px,3vw,42px);line-height:1.35;font-weight:500;margin:16px 0 28px;color:#000}
.garden-figure{margin:0}.garden-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:minmax(0,2fr) minmax(270px,1fr);gap:40px;align-items:center}
.garden-image{display:block;min-width:0}.garden-image img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
.garden-reading{font-size:16px;line-height:1.75;color:#000}.garden-reading dl{margin:0}.garden-reading dl>div{margin:0 0 26px}.garden-reading dt{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:22px;font-size:21px}.garden-number{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:52px;line-height:1.15}.garden-reading dd{margin:8px 0 0 48px}.garden-reading p{margin:0 0 14px}.garden-measure{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}.garden-reading .garden-ratio{border-top:1px solid #000;padding-top:20px;margin:22px 0;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:34px;white-space:nowrap}.garden-figure figcaption{font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;border-top:1px solid #000;padding-top:16px;margin-top:22px;color:#000}.garden-figure figcaption a{display:inline-block;margin-left:12px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}
.source-index{border-top:1px solid #000;padding-top:26px;padding-bottom:48px;color:#000;scroll-margin-top:24px}.source-index summary{cursor:pointer;font-size:18px;list-style-position:outside;margin-left:18px}.source-columns{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:40px;padding-top:24px}.source-columns h2{font:500 17px/1.5 Arial,sans-serif;color:#000;margin:0 0 12px}.source-columns p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.8;margin:0 0 14px}.source-columns a{color:#000;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
@media(max-width:900px){.garden-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1.5fr) minmax(230px,1fr);gap:24px}.garden-reading{font-size:14px}.garden-reading dt{font-size:18px}.garden-reading dd{margin-left:0}.source-columns{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}.garden-reading .garden-ratio{font-size:28px}}
@media(max-width:640px){.garden-study{margin-top:36px;padding-top:24px}.garden-study h2{font-size:26px;margin-bottom:20px}.garden-layout{display:block}.garden-reading{font-size:15px;margin-top:24px}.garden-reading dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:20px}.garden-reading dt{display:block;font-size:17px}.garden-number{display:block;font-size:42px;margin-bottom:8px}.garden-reading dd{margin:12px 0 0}.garden-reading .garden-ratio{font-size:30px;margin-top:0}.garden-figure figcaption{font-size:12px}.garden-figure figcaption a{margin-left:0}.source-index{padding-bottom:30px}}

/* Garden cases retain source frame counts and share the site’s black-and-white typography. */
.garden-intro{max-width:880px;line-height:1.8;margin:0 0 40px;font-size:17px}.garden-case{margin-top:56px;padding-top:28px;border-top:1px solid #000;scroll-margin-top:24px}.garden-case-title{font-family:var(--serif,Georgia,serif);font-weight:500;font-size:clamp(22px,2.3vw,32px);line-height:1.4;margin:20px 0 28px;color:#000}.garden-texts{margin-top:52px;border-top:1px solid #000;padding-top:24px;max-width:900px}.garden-texts blockquote{margin:28px 0 12px;font-size:28px;font-family:var(--serif,Georgia,serif);line-height:1.5}.garden-texts p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.8;margin:12px 0}.garden-texts a{color:#000;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}@media(max-width:640px){.garden-case{margin-top:38px}.garden-case-title{font-size:24px}.garden-intro{font-size:15px}.garden-reading .garden-ratio{font-size:clamp(22px,6.8vw,30px)}.garden-texts blockquote{font-size:24px}}

/* The affiliation leads the masthead; desktop language links align with the introduction. */
.site-header{position:relative}.header-meta{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-shrink:0}.site-header .header-meta .language{margin:0;min-height:32px}
.header-affiliation{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;flex-shrink:0;min-height:44px;line-height:0}.header-affiliation img{display:block;width:112px;height:auto}.header-affiliation:focus-visible{outline-offset:4px}
.hero-kicker{align-items:center;gap:24px}.hero-kicker>span{min-width:0}
@media(min-width:761px){.header-affiliation{border-left:1px solid #000;padding-left:26px}.site-header .header-meta .language{position:absolute;right:0;top:calc(100% + 31px);min-height:44px;padding:0;border:0}.hero-kicker{min-height:75px;padding-right:180px}}
@media(min-width:761px) and (max-width:980px){.header-meta{margin-left:auto}}
@media(max-width:760px){.header-meta{order:1;align-self:flex-start;padding-top:4px;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-end;gap:8px}.site-header .site-identity{padding-right:9px}.header-meta .language{order:1}.header-affiliation{order:0;min-height:0}.header-affiliation img{width:90px}.hero-kicker{gap:18px;padding-top:18px}}
@media(max-width:359px){.site-header .header-meta .language{gap:7px;padding-left:8px}.site-header .header-meta .language a{font-size:10px}.site-identity .wordmark{gap:6px;font-size:23px}.brand-symbol{width:20px;height:20px}.header-affiliation img{width:80px}}

.model-image-download{font-size:11px;margin:8px 5px}.model-image-download a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}

/* Garden evidence opens within the model's existing reference disclosure. */
.hero-grid:has(.model-reference[open]){align-items:start}.model-reference .garden-study{margin-top:28px;padding-top:20px}.model-reference .garden-study h2{font-size:24px;margin:12px 0 18px}.model-reference .garden-intro{font-size:13px;margin-bottom:24px}.model-reference .garden-case-title{font-size:21px;margin:20px 0}.model-reference .garden-layout{display:block}.model-reference .garden-reading{font-size:13px;margin-top:20px}.model-reference .garden-reading dl{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:24px}.model-reference .garden-reading dt{font-size:16px;display:block}.model-reference .garden-number{font-size:32px;margin-right:12px}.model-reference .garden-reading dd{margin:10px 0 0}.model-reference .garden-reading .garden-ratio{font-size:28px}.model-reference .garden-figure figcaption{max-width:none;padding:14px 0 0;font-size:11px}.model-reference .garden-figure figcaption a{margin-left:0}.model-reference .garden-texts{margin-top:28px;padding-top:16px}.model-reference .garden-texts p{font-size:13px}.model-reference .garden-texts blockquote{font-size:21px}

/* Keep the paired title on one line; only the English jian is italic. */
.wordmark-title{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap}
.wordmark-jian{font-style:italic}
html[lang|=zh] .wordmark-jian{font-style:normal}
@media(max-width:760px){html[lang=en] .site-identity .wordmark{font-size:clamp(19px,5.8vw,28px);letter-spacing:-.9px}}

/* Independent research entries, matching the homepage's restrained typography. */
.research-entry-list{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:36px;padding-top:7px}
.research-entry-list .research-entry{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:25px;color:#000;text-decoration:none;font-size:14px;line-height:1.6;min-height:24px}
.research-entry-list .research-entry-number{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:16px;min-width:23px}
.research-entry-list .research-entry-name{border-bottom:1px solid #000;padding-bottom:2px}
.research-entry-list .research-entry:focus-visible{outline:1px solid #000;outline-offset:7px}
@media(max-width:760px){.research-entry-list{gap:24px;padding-top:0}.research-entry-list .research-entry{gap:18px}}

/* Research thumbnail opens the full study only when followed. */
#research .threshold-typology-preview{min-width:0;align-self:start}
#research .threshold-typology-preview[hidden],#research .section-content[hidden]{display:none!important}
#research .threshold-typology-preview-link{display:block;color:#000;text-decoration:none}
#research .threshold-typology-preview img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
#research .threshold-typology-preview-caption{display:inline-block;margin-top:18px;font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:4px}
#research .research-entry[aria-current=true] .research-entry-name{font-weight:600}
#research .threshold-topic-link{margin:16px 0 0}

#research .chinese-threshold-topic-link{margin:0 0 10px}

.research-entry-list .research-entry-number{min-width:32px}

#research .threshold-typology-preview img{border:1px solid #c8c8c8;background:#fff;height:auto;object-fit:contain}

/* Small native disclosure controls retain the homepage's original typography. */
.research-entry-row{display:grid;grid-template-columns:18px minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px;align-items:baseline;width:100%}
.research-entry-list .research-entry{display:grid;grid-template-columns:32px minmax(0,1fr);gap:20px;min-height:44px;align-items:baseline}
.home-research-toggle{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-start;width:18px;min-height:44px;padding:0;font-size:10px;background:#fff;border:0;color:#000}
.home-section-toggle{display:grid;grid-template-columns:12px 32px minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px;align-items:baseline;min-height:44px;padding:0;text-align:left;background:#fff;border:0;color:#000}
.home-section-triangle{font-size:10px}.home-section-code{font:16px Georgia,serif}.home-section-title{font-size:11px;letter-spacing:1.4px;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5}
.section-content[hidden]{display:none!important}
@media(max-width:760px){.research-entry-row{grid-template-columns:44px minmax(0,1fr);gap:8px}.home-research-toggle{width:44px;justify-content:center}.home-section-toggle{grid-template-columns:32px 32px minmax(0,1fr);min-height:44px}.home-section-triangle{justify-self:start}}

/* The research group opens before its two independent readings. */
.home-research-parent{min-width:0}.home-research-parent>summary{display:grid;grid-template-columns:12px 32px minmax(0,1fr);gap:12px;align-items:baseline;min-height:44px;padding:0;cursor:pointer;list-style:none}
.home-research-parent>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.home-research-parent>.research-entry-list{padding-left:24px;padding-top:8px;gap:20px}
#research:not([data-parent-enhanced]):has(.home-research-parent[open])>.section-content{display:block!important}
.section:has(>.section-label>.home-section-toggle[aria-expanded=false]),#research:has(>.home-research-parent:not([open])){padding-top:24px;padding-bottom:24px;min-height:0;row-gap:0}
.source-index>details>summary{font-size:10.5px;font-weight:400;min-height:44px;line-height:1.8}.source-index>details>summary::marker{font-size:10px}
.source-index:has(>details:not([open])){padding-top:18px;padding-bottom:18px}
@media(max-width:760px){.home-research-parent>summary{grid-template-columns:32px 32px minmax(0,1fr)}.home-research-parent>.research-entry-list{padding-left:14px}}

#research:has(>.home-research-parent:not([open]))>.section-content,#research:has(>.home-research-parent:not([open]))>.threshold-typology-preview{display:none!important}

/* Both research readings remain open in their own vertical order. */
#research>.home-research-parent{grid-column:1;grid-row:1/span 2}
#research>.section-content{grid-column:2;grid-row:1;min-width:0}
#research>.threshold-typology-preview{grid-column:2;grid-row:2;min-width:0}
@media(max-width:760px){#research>.home-research-parent{grid-column:1;grid-row:1}#research>.section-content{grid-column:1;grid-row:2}#research>.threshold-typology-preview{grid-column:1;grid-row:3}}

/* Each research label occupies the grid row of its own content. */
#research>.home-research-parent{grid-column:1;grid-row:1;align-self:start}
#research>.section-content{grid-column:2;grid-row:1}
#research>.home-threshold-entry{grid-column:1;grid-row:2;align-self:start;min-width:0;padding-left:24px;padding-top:var(--preview-label-padding,0px);gap:0}
#research>.threshold-typology-preview{grid-column:2;grid-row:2}
#research:has(>.home-research-parent:not([open]))>.home-threshold-entry{display:none!important}
@media(max-width:760px){#research>.home-research-parent{grid-column:1;grid-row:1}#research>.section-content{grid-column:1;grid-row:2}#research>.home-threshold-entry{grid-column:1;grid-row:3;padding-left:14px;padding-top:0}#research>.threshold-typology-preview{grid-column:1;grid-row:4}}